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This area contains an assembly of links and comments relating to these aspects of Online Deliberative Democracy:

Online Deliberative Democracy in Context

Government services typically aim to achieve efficiency. Democracy is not efficient. The challenge is to find the optimal level of inefficiency. (Steve Clift)

Online Deliberation intiatives take place within a wider context of eGovernment initiatives, arranged here in order of when they occur in the democratic process:


(earlier in the democratic process)

(later in the democratic process)


Online initiatives to involve citizens in public process exist within a tension between Outcomes vs Participation Orientation.